Madison Era: 1888-1912
The Madison Era is rooted in the vision and leadership of Robert Lee Madison (1867 – 1954,) who served as the principal of the Cullowhee Academy beginning in 1889 and later as president of Cullowhee High School, the institution that eventually evolved into ĢƵ. Madison started his career at just 22 years old and was dedicated to improving educational opportunities in the region. His commitment led to the creation of a school that would impact countless students.
During Madison's tenure, students lived in small cabins, a practice known as "shacking." The period saw the construction of the school's first major building, Madison Building, in 1903, and the Davies Home, a dormitory that further supported the growing student body. These foundational years set the stage for ĢƵ's growth into the institution it is today.
A group of students in front of their cabin in 1896. Charles W. Henderson (Seated at right) said in a 1974 interview: "Six of us stayed in a building back in the woods just east of the school building the first year. It was not uncommon, at a time when the school did not provide dormitory accommodations, for male and female students of related families to share a cabin, a practice referred to as "Shacking."
This is a view of the Cullowhee Valley that ĢƵ would eventually occupy. Note the St. David's Episcopal Church steeple across the valley that is today filled with the Ramsay Activity Center, ĢƵ Football stadium, and the Fine and Performing Arts building.
Top Picture: School photograph from about 1898 of high school and primary students and some faculty. Very little of the forest on campus had been cleared at this early date. Notice the men’s hats hanging in the trees.
Bottom Picture: By 1898, the school had generated a decade of graduates. This photograph identifies several of the “professors” along with the alumni.
Edna Robinson Clapp, who attended the school in the 1920s, wrote: "Professor Madison must have had students like me in mind when he had the vision of establishing a school for young men and young women of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and it is to his everlasting credit that from these early beginnings not only the mountain students but others from all over have been fortunate enough to be numbered among those who have enhanced their own lives by attending Cullowhee State Normal, now ĢƵ, and in so doing have been able to help others have a more abundant life."
The Oscar school in Cullowhee Township, Jackson County, North Carolina, was typical of early rural one-room schools. Cullowhee Academy trained teachers to teach in schools like such.
The Academy Building where Madison first taught, the front section and left wing comprised the original structure. The Liberty School Building was added at the back, and the right wing, where the normal students were taught, was added after 1893. The building was painted green with dark green trim. After the construction of Madison building in 1903, the old structure was used for the primary grades. It later served as a residence hall.
A meeting of the Columbian Literary Society in 1923. The societies continued to be an important feature of extracurricular life. All students, both in high school and junior college divisions, belonged to either the Columbian or Erosophian literary societies and attended their Saturday evening meetings.
Madison Building was the school’s first major building and the first to be constructed with state funds. Framed in timber and faced with stucco, it was the finest school building west of Asheville at the time. At the left corner is a bell tower. Eddie Marie Wike Sutton Duckett, who grew up near the campus, recalls: “We listened each day for the sweet tone of the large bell in the Madison bell tower. It rang out loud and clear and could be heard for almost a mile from its high promontory, especially if the wind was right.” Over its thirty-five year lifespan, Madison met a variety of needs, providing classrooms, offices, and an auditorium. Until Joyner was built in 1913, it housed the normal department and served as the school’s major classroom building. This original Madison Building was referred to later as “Old Madison” after it was replaced by a dormitory of the same name in 1939.
Top Picture: Davies Home nearing completion (Note the construction debris in the foreground). Davies was opened for occupancy in January 1910. Now for the first time, the school offered accommodations to female students.